Updates And The Like
Re: Clonix NoV's (and the like) news and updates. Message #2 Posted by PeterP on 13 Apr 2008, 10:42 p.m., in response to message #1 by Diego Diaz. Exciting news and congratulations on retirement - which means you will be more busy than you have ever been before:-). The update offered insight behind Instagram’s recommendations engine, which sorts the content people see in the Explore, Accounts You May Like, and IGTV Discover sections. Within the recommendation guidelines are five broad categories that may not be eligible for recommendations. In rare cases, a driver or update might cause issues with your PC. To keep the update from reinstalling automatically, download this troubleshooter. It will let you hide the problematic updates. If you need to prevent driver updates from reinstalling, see How to temporarily prevent a driver update from reinstalling in Windows 10. Check for updates: Select the Start button, and then go to Settings Update & security Windows Update, and select Check for updates. If Windows Update says your device is up to date, you have all the updates that are currently available. For additional information visit Updating drivers and software with Windows update.
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Update the device driver. In the search box on the taskbar, enter device manager, then select Device Manager. Select a category to see names of devices, then right-click (or press and hold) the one you’d like to update. Select Search automatically for updated driver software. Select Update Driver.
This SQL tutorial explains how to use the SQL LIKE condition (to perform pattern matching) with syntax, examples, and practice exercises.
Description
The SQL LIKE condition allows you to use wildcards to perform pattern matching in a query. The LIKE condition is used in the WHERE clause of a SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement.
Syntax
The syntax for the LIKE condition in SQL is:
Parameters or Arguments
A character expression that contains pattern matching. The wildcards that you can choose from are:
Wildcard | Explanation |
---|---|
% | Allows you to match any string of any length (including zero length) |
_ | Allows you to match on a single character |
%
or _
.DDL/DML for Examples
If you want to follow along with this tutorial, get the DDL to create the tables and the DML to populate the data. Then try the examples in your own database!
Example - Using %
Wildcard in the LIKE Condition
Let's explain how the %
wildcard works in the SQL LIKE condition. Remember that the %
wildcard matches any string of any length (including zero length).
In this first example, we want to find all of the records in the customers table where the customer's last_name begins with 'J'.
In this example, we have a table called customers with the following data:
customer_id | last_name | first_name | favorite_website |
---|---|---|---|
4000 | Jackson | Joe | techonthenet.com |
5000 | Smith | Jane | digminecraft.com |
6000 | Ferguson | Samantha | bigactivities.com |
7000 | Reynolds | Allen | checkyourmath.com |
8000 | Anderson | Paige | NULL |
9000 | Johnson | Derek | techonthenet.com |
Enter the following SQL statement:
Try ItThere will be 2 records selected. These are the results that you should see:
customer_id | last_name | first_name | favorite_website |
---|---|---|---|
4000 | Jackson | Joe | techonthenet.com |
9000 | Johnson | Derek | techonthenet.com |
This example returns the records in the customers table where the last_name starts with 'J'. As you can see, the records for the last names Jackson and Johnson have been returned.
Because the LIKE condition is not case-sensitive, the following SQL statement would return the same results:
Try ItUsing Multiple %
Wildcards in the LIKE Condition
You can also using the %
wildcard multiple times with the LIKE condition.
Using the same customers table with the following data:
Updates Line
customer_id | last_name | first_name | favorite_website |
---|---|---|---|
4000 | Jackson | Joe | techonthenet.com |
5000 | Smith | Jane | digminecraft.com |
6000 | Ferguson | Samantha | bigactivities.com |
7000 | Reynolds | Allen | checkyourmath.com |
8000 | Anderson | Paige | NULL |
9000 | Johnson | Derek | techonthenet.com |
Let's try to find all last_name values from the customers table where the last_name contains the letter 'e'. Enter the following SQL statement:
Try ItThere will be 3 records selected. These are the results that you should see:
In this example, the last names Anderson, Ferguson and Reynolds contain the letter 'e'.
Example - Using _
Wildcard in the LIKE Condition
Next, let's explain how the _
wildcard (underscore wildcard) works in the LIKE condition. Remember that _
wildcard is looking for exactly one character, unlike the %
wildcard.
Using the categories table with the following data:
category_id | category_name |
---|---|
25 | Deli |
50 | Produce |
75 | Bakery |
100 | General Merchandise |
125 | Technology |
Let's try to find all records from the categories table where the category_id is 2-digits long and ends with '5'. Enter the following SQL statement:
Try ItThere will be 2 records selected. These are the results that you should see:
In this example, there are 2 records that will pattern match - the category_idvalues 25 and 75. Notice that the category_id of 125 was not selected because, the _
wilcard matches only on a single character.
Using Multiple _
Wildcards in the LIKE Condition
If you wanted to match on a 3-digit value that ended with '5', you would need to use the _
wildcard two times. You could modify your query as follows:
Now you will return the category_id value of 125:
category_id | category_name |
---|---|
125 | Technology |
Example - Using the NOT Operator with the LIKE Condition
Next, let's look at an example of how to use the NOT Operator with the LIKE condition.
In this example, we have a table called suppliers with the following data:
supplier_id | supplier_name | city | state |
---|---|---|---|
100 | Microsoft | Redmond | Washington |
200 | Mountain View | California | |
300 | Oracle | Redwood City | California |
400 | Kimberly-Clark | Irving | Texas |
500 | Tyson Foods | Springdale | Arkansas |
600 | SC Johnson | Racine | Wisconsin |
700 | Dole Food Company | Westlake Village | California |
800 | Flowers Foods | Thomasville | Georgia |
900 | Electronic Arts | Redwood City | California |
Updates And The Likelihood
Let's look for all records in the suppliers table where the supplier_name does not contain the letter 'o'. Enter the following SQL statement:
Try ItThere will be 1 record selected. These are the results that you should see:
supplier_id | supplier_name | city | state |
---|---|---|---|
400 | Kimberly-Clark | Irving | Texas |
In this example, there is only one record in the suppliers table where the supplier_name does not contain the letter 'o'.
Example - Using Escape Characters with the LIKE Condition
It is important to understand how to 'Escape Characters' when pattern matching. You can escape %
or _
and search for the literal versions instead.
Let's say you wanted to search for %
as a literal in the LIKE condition. You can do this using an Escape character. In our example, we will use !
as the escape character in the LIKE condition.
In this example, we a table called test with the following data:
We could return all records from the test table where the test_value contains the %
literal. Enter the following SQL statement:
These are the results that you should see:
test_id | test_value |
---|---|
1 | 10% |
2 | 25% |
This example identifies the !
character as an escape character. The first and last %
values in the LIKE condition are treated as regular wildcards. The !%
is an escaped %
so it is treated as a literal %
value.
You could further modify the above example and only return test_values that start with 1 and contain the %
literal. Enter the following SQL statement:
These are the results that you should see:
This example will only return one record this time. Because there is only one test_value that starts with 1 and contains the %
literal.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Question: How do you incorporate the Oracle UPPER function with the SQL LIKE condition? I'm trying to query against a free text field for all records containing the word 'test'. The problem is that it can be entered in the following ways: TEST, Test, or test.
Answer: To answer this question, let's look at an example.
Let's say that we have a suppliers table with a field called supplier_name that contains the values TEST, Test, or test.
If we wanted to find all records containing the word 'test', regardless of whether it was stored as TEST, Test, or test, we could run either of the following SQL SELECT statements:
OR
These SQL SELECT statements use a combination of the Oracle UPPER function and the SQL LIKE condition to return all of the records where the supplier_name field contains the word 'test', regardless of whether it was stored as TEST, Test, or test.
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Practice Exercises
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If you want to test your skills using the SQL LIKE condition, try some of our practice exercises.
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These exercises allow you to try out your skills with the LIKE condition. You will be given questions that you need to solve. After each exercise, we provide the solution so you can check your answer. Give it a try!